Words+and+Pictures

=Words and Pictures: =

The relationship between words and pictures in a picture book is a special one. There have been illustrated texts for centuries. //The Book of Kells// is an illustrated text. Chap books and comics are as well. While comics are a precursor of the Graphic Novel, picture book texts predominantly rely on a different relationship between image and texts. Deroet points out that "The reading of picture books requires much more than just decoding words, as it involves the reading of the visual images as well. This means that readers of picture books need diverse strategies to be able to code break, make meaning, use texts and analyse texts critically (Luke & Freebody, 1999) across both verbal and visual modes." (Derouet, 2010, p.ii)

Hallberg argues that the picturebook is an "iconotext, an inseparable entity of word and images, which co-operate to convey a message" (Nikolajeva and Scott, 2001, p. 6) Schwarcz calls it a "composite text".

Schwarcz lists the manner in which the picture book relationship between words and pictures create a composite text:
 * congruency
 * elaboration
 * specification
 * amplification
 * extension
 * complementation
 * alternation
 * deviation
 * counterpoint

Nikolajeva and Scott quote Golden who discusses several types of picture and word interaction
 * the text and pictures are symmetrical (creating a redundancy)
 * the text depends on pictures for clarification
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">illustration enhances, elaborates text
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the text carries primary narrative, illustration is selective
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the illustration carries primary narrative, the text is selective


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Issues that need to be considered **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The linkage words and images from textless / wordless picture books to pictureless text.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Consonant, symmetrical, complementary

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Enhancement and counterpoint (Nikolajeva and Scott, 2001, p. 17)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint in address
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint in style
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint in genre and modality
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint by juxtaposition
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint in perspective
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint in characterization
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint of metafictive nature
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">counterpoint in space and time

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dual audience